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‘Sri Lankan tea’s current crisis only reinforces the value of productivity-linked wages’

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By Dr. Roshan Rajadurai

“An incentive is a bullet, a key: an often tiny object with astonishing power to change a situation”

– Economist, Steven Levitt

Almost 7 months from the Government’s initial decision to ban the import and use of synthetic fertilizers and as at the date of this publication, Sri Lanka’s entire agriculture and plantation economy is still frantically in search of any viable option to mitigate the threat of declining yields.

Without any prior planning or notice, our entire sector has been coerced into blindly participating in the most unscientific experiment ever attempted in Sri Lanka’s history. We are all left to now anticipate what the implications of an immediate, nation-wide halt to all established and essential best practices relating to plant nutrition, pest, fungus and weeds will be.

We are told that arrangements are being made to import organic fertilizer from various, untested sources, and agreements are minted to produce organic fertilizer locally, much akin to attempting to rebuild an airplane while it is still in flight. Nevertheless, the inconvenient truth remains. At present, all supplies of “organic” and inorganic fertilizer are in short supply.

Stocks which are available, have increased in price owing to both supply-demand dynamics, disrupted supply chains and unprecedented increases in landed costs. These escalating payments are making Sri Lankan tea’s already high cost of production (COP) even higher, which is placing Sri Lankan plantations under even further stress. This a few short months after an increase in worker wages was thrust through the Wages Board.

Sri Lankan tea’s strange new normal needs to be re-evaluated immediately

With the end of the year approaching, and the window for fertilizing crops closing, it appears that the industry will be locked into at least one – if not more – growth cycles absent basic nutrients of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus, and with no ability to control pests and weeds. Without immediate solutions, the broad consensus among those with expertise is that we can start to see exponentially worse crop losses starting from the end of 2021, hitting approximately 40% by next year.

If RPCs were to have disregarded basic agronomic practices and norms in such a manner of their own volition, it would have been called criminal mismanagement. With agricultural best practices now being roundly ignored in favour of a largely undefined and unplanned strategy for transforming Sri Lanka into a nation with “100% organic agriculture”, this historic, and intentionally misinformed self-sabotage is being repackaged as visionary and progressive.

Meanwhile, the nation’s best agricultural experts are being ignored or in the case of Prof. Buddhi Marambe, sidelined and silenced, on the grounds that he simply stated scientific facts regarding the current agro-chemical ban and had been consistent in doing so, because he had previously spoken up against the previous Government’s disastrous decision to suspend glyphosate imports.

This was a policy which resulted in the rejection of Sri Lankan tea exports as a result of issues with Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), and caused the permanent loss of extremely high value markets in Japan, and a similar escalation in costs; all without a single shred of scientific evidence being provided to justify the lasting damage caused. As a result, the Government of the time was compelled to backpedal on its decision, but not without irreversible damage being done for no apparent reason.

This “justification” highlights a dangerous trend of politicization of science. If the science does not agree with politics, then it now appears acceptable to simply dismiss the scientists, rather than engage with facts and ground realities.

A simple extrapolation shows a grim future for workers

Regardless of short-term political expediency, reality has a way of asserting itself. Spread across 14 districts, the tea industry alone provides direct employment to over 600,000 people engaged in cultivation and processing and indirect employment to a further 200,000 involved in the supply chain. The sector provides complete livelihood support for a resident population of one million in Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) and 450,000 Tea Smallholders with one million dependents, hence supporting a total population of nearly 2.5 million.

When considering both employment and livelihood generation, it is estimated that the industry sustains more than 10% of our national population and its net foreign exchange earnings are only second to the garment industry.

Even if “organic” fertilliser is made available, there are still serious concerns as to whether it can provide sufficient nutrients. Hence, it appears that the writing is on the wall. With insufficient nutrients as a result of the unplanned push for organic, we anticipate a series of cascading failures stemming from a collapse in productivity. No amount of rhetoric will be able to turn back the tide of negative sentiment against such developments.

If not land productivity, at least labour

Unlike the garment industry, where progressive incentive structures were allowed to flourish, in our industry, workers remain bound to an outdated colonial era daily wage model. As a result, unlike the dynamism of the apparel sector, Sri Lanka’s plantation sector is also weighed down with one of the lowest labour productivity rates in the world. The combination of low land and labour productivity will create a series of cascading failures.

The only measure that could at least temporarily mitigate this dynamic is the implementation of productivity linked wages. This is a model which has the support of all RPCs, and which was has been widely practiced with tremendous success by tea smallholders. While they have been implemented with ease in low-mid grown estates, it is only in the high-grown regions, where resistance to these models has been encountered.

Crucially, this resistance is not from workers who have experience with productivity linked wages, but rather with Trade Unions who would likely lose relevance if such models were implemented. The benefits for workers are immense. In addition to creating a potential monthly earnings per worker of between Rs. 37,000-Rs 62,000, under previous proposals advanced by RPCs.

This will also give workers flexi-hours, empowering them to choose when and how they work. Given the labour shortages prevalent across the entire tea industry, such a move would at long last incentivize workers effectively, and reward them for achieving their full individual potential, thereby significantly optimizing labour productivity.

However, without a scientific resolution to the fertilizer crisis, wage reforms can only serve as a stop gap measure. As land productivity drops, RPCs, state plantations and smallholders alike will be forced to reduce the amount of work offered, leading to a continuous diminution of worker earnings.

The few remaining workers in the plantation industry will have no choice but to try their luck in other lines of work, accelerating the ongoing migration of labour from the estate sector. It is unclear whether other economic sectors have the capacity to absorb such a large group of workers at once.

Already, we have seen multiple outbreaks of mob violence on estates, with the majority of such incidents being triggered by disputes over wages. Without proper solutions to these burning issues, worker wages will eventually be disrupted. Will the authorities take responsibility for what will follow?



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SEC, CSE and CA Sri Lanka sign MOU to advance XBRL-based digital reporting for listed companies

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The signing ceremony at SEC from Left to right: Ms. Manuri Weerasinghe| Director Corporate Affairs, SEC, Tushara Jayaratne | Acting Director General, SEC, Ms. Nilupa Perera | Chief Regulatory Officer, CSE, Rajeeva Bandaranaike | Chief Executive Officer CSE, Senior Prof. D.B.P.H. Dissabandara,| Chairman, SEC, Tishan Subasinghe | President, CA Sri Lanka, Ms. Anoji de Silva | Vice President, CA Sri Lanka, Neranjith Gamage | Commission Member, SEC, Ms. Lakmali Priyangika | Chief Executive Officer, CA Sri Lanka, Ms. Rishdha Zarook Ishaq | Director Legal and Enforcement, SEC , Ms. Kumuduni Maduwanthi |Senior Manager Legal, CA Sri Lanka.

The Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka (SEC), Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (CA Sri Lanka) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on the implementation of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) based reporting for companies listed on the CSE.

The agreement marks a significant milestone in Sri Lanka’s efforts to modernise corporate reporting and strengthen the digital infrastructure of the capital market. The initiative aims to streamline the submission of both financial and non-financial information by listed entities, enhancing transparency, accessibility and investor confidence.

The MoU formalises the partnership, following the establishment of a joint SEC-CSE committee tasked with driving the initiative. With the in-principle approval of the SEC, the committee has been working closely with CA Sri Lanka to develop the framework required for the successful rollout.

XBRL is the internationally recognised standard for digital business reporting, developed and maintained by XBRL International, a global non-profit consortium. The standard enables financial and business information to be reported in a structured, machine-readable format, facilitating more efficient analysis, comparison and interpretation of corporate disclosures by regulators, investors, analysts and other stakeholders.

The introduction of XBRL reporting is expected to deliver several key benefits for both listed companies and users of financial information. These include reducing reliance on manual data processing, improving the accuracy and consistency of reported information, supporting more advanced data analysis, and lowering long-term reporting costs. The flexibility of the XBRL framework also allows organisations to tailor taxonomies to meet specific reporting requirements. In addition, XBRL adoption will enhance market transparency and efficiency by enabling quicker access to comparable corporate information. It will also align Sri Lanka’s reporting framework with global standards, making the country’s capital market more accessible and attractive to international investors familiar with XBRL-based financial reporting.

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LOLC Insurance and Seylan Bank celebrate Bancassurance Excellence through “League of Greatness” 2025

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The Achievers of the Night

LOLC Insurance recently hosted the “LOLC Insurance – Seylan Bancassurance Felicitation Night 2025” under the theme “League of Greatness,” celebrating the success of its longstanding bancassurance partnership with Seylan Bank. The event marked another milestone in a strategic collaboration that has continued to grow since 2013.

The felicitation ceremony brought together senior management, sales leadership, branch representatives, and top-performing teams from both organisations to recognise excellence, appreciate contributions, and reaffirm the enduring partnership between LOLC Insurance and Seylan Bank. The collaboration currently spans 104 Seylan Bank branches across Sri Lanka, delivering accessible life and general insurance solutions islandwide.

Speaking at the event, Ramesh Jayasekara, Director/Chief Executive Officer, Seylan Bank PLC, stated, “Our partnership with LOLC Insurance continues to create meaningful value for customers while further strengthening the bancassurance proposition within the banking sector. The dedication and collaborative spirit demonstrated by both teams have been instrumental in achieving these milestones and sustaining the growth of this partnership. We look forward to enhancing our collaboration and delivering greater value to customers in the years ahead.”

Sharing insights during the event, Eugene Seneviratne, Deputy General Manager – Retail Banking, Seylan Bank, added, “The professionalism and operational efficiency demonstrated by the bancassurance teams have been instrumental in consolidating this partnership. Our branch teams continue to seamlessly manage day-to-day bancassurance functions with minimal operational escalations, reflecting the strength of a well-structured and highly efficient framework. This has contributed to a smooth and mutually beneficial working relationship, enabling the partnership to enhance coordination, execution, and overall performance.”

Addressing the gathering, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Chairman/Principal Officer of LOLC General Insurance and Director of LOLC Life Assurance, stated, “Successful partnerships are built on trust, shared values, and a common vision. The strength and longevity of this collaboration reflect the commitment of both organisations to delivering meaningful impact to customers while advancing the country’s bancassurance sector. The positive feedback and appreciation consistently received from Seylan Bank regarding the quality of service delivered and the steadfast support extended by the teams stand as a testament to the professionalism and service excellence upheld throughout the partnership.”

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The bill nobody budgets for: Healthcare and the retirement gap in Sri Lanka

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Dhiranjan Canagasabey

Most people, when they think about retirement, think about income. Will there be enough to cover food, utilities, and the basics of daily life? That question is important. But there is a second question that sits right behind it, quieter and far more expensive, and most people do not ask it until it is already upon them. What happens when you get sick?

Healthcare in retirement is not an occasional inconvenience. For most Sri Lankans, it becomes one of the largest and most unpredictable expenses of the post-work years. It arrives gradually at first, and then all at once. A routine check-up becomes a specialist referral. A specialist referral leads to investigations. Investigations lead to a diagnosis. A diagnosis leads to medication that never stops. And running alongside all of it, quietly compounding, is an inflation rate for healthcare that outpaces most other costs a retiree faces.

This is the retirement expense that most financial plans either underestimate or ignore entirely. It is a gap that Ceylinco Life, Sri Lanka’s life insurance market leader for 22 consecutive years, has observed widen steadily across the communities it serves and the thousands of policyholders whose retirement journeys it has accompanied over three decades.

“Healthcare is the cost that most people acknowledge in the abstract but do not plan for in practice. We have seen, over many years and across many thousands of policyholders, that the single biggest financial shock in retirement is rarely a collapse in savings. It is an illness, or a prolonged condition, that was never budgeted for. Sri Lanka’s public health system has served this country well, but it was not built for an ageing population managing multiple chronic conditions over decades. The responsibility to bridge that gap sits with each individual, and the earlier that planning begins, the more manageable that gap becomes,” says Dhiranjan Canagasabey, Senior Assistant General Manager/Head of Marketing, Ceylinco Life.

A country that is ageing faster than its health system is preparing for

Sri Lanka is in the middle of a demographic shift that has no historical precedent in this country. By 2042, one in four Sri Lankans will be above the age of 60. Life expectancy, according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, now stands at approximately 77.67 years nationally. That means the average retiree is looking at roughly 17 years of post-work life, with health needs that become more intensive, and more expensive, with every passing year.

Non-communicable diseases are at the centre of that picture. According to research published in 2025 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, NCD deaths in Sri Lanka have risen substantially over two decades, with total deaths due to diabetes alone rising by 169% between 2004 and 2020. Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cancer all carry long-term treatment costs that can run for years or decades before they become fatal. These are not short-term medical events. They are sustained financial obligations.

Sri Lanka allocates approximately 4.4% of GDP to total health expenditure, well below the global average of 6.74%, according to World Bank data updated in December 2025. Government public health spending accounts for only around 8 to 9% of general government expenditure. The gap between what the public system offers and what the ageing population will need is already visible. It is going to widen considerably.

What free healthcare actually means for a retiree

Sri Lanka has long been proud of its free public healthcare system, and rightly so. It has delivered health outcomes well above what the country’s income level would typically produce. But pride in the system should not obscure what it cannot do, and increasingly, what it is struggling to do consistently.

According to the Institute of Policy Studies, access to primary healthcare fell from 95% of the population in 2019 to 82% in 2022 and 2023, with rural areas bearing the steepest decline. Household healthcare costs, in the same period, rose by 48% in a single year between 2020 and 2021. Medicine shortages, long queues, and limited specialist services in provincial hospitals are not new complaints. But for an elderly person managing a chronic condition, they translate directly into out-of-pocket spending that was never planned for.

On average, more than 60% of Sri Lankan households already incur private healthcare costs, according to a study published in the journal Health Policy. For households that include elderly members with chronic conditions, that proportion is higher, and the burden is heavier. The combination of a free system under strain and rising private costs is not a future risk. It is already the daily reality for many retirees.

The quiet toll of chronic illness

A 65-year-old managing type 2 diabetes, which is increasingly common in Sri Lanka, does not face a single large medical expense. They face a continuous one. Monthly medication. Quarterly blood tests. Periodic specialist consultations at a private facility, because the waiting list at the government hospital is too long or the specialist they need is unavailable locally. Annual check-ups. Occasional hospitalisation when blood sugar levels become difficult to control. Each item is manageable on its own. Together, across a fifteen-year retirement, they represent a substantial sum.

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